![]() But first there follows a very brief overview of the epidemiology and clinical significance of abnormal plasma sodium concentration.ĮPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYPONATREMIA/HYPERNATREMIA The focus of this first article is spuriously reduced sodium (pseudohyponatremia) due to increased plasma protein or lipid concentration, whilst the subject of the second is spuriously increased sodium (pseudohypernatremia) due to decreased plasma protein.īy way of introduction to the topic this first article will include discussion of the techniques used to measure plasma sodium and an explanation of the reason why abnormal lipid and protein concentration can give rise to erroneous results. This is the first of two linked articles that highlight the spurious sodium values that can occur if an indirect ISE technique is used to analyze plasma samples with abnormal protein or lipid concentration. Historically, plasma sodium concentration was measured by flame emission spectrophotometry but nowadays it is usually measured potentiometrically with an ion-specific electrode (ISE) using either an undiluted plasma sample (direct ISE) or diluted plasma sample (indirect ISE). So estimation of plasma sodium concentration is one of the most frequently requested blood tests. Disturbance of sodium balance is a common occurrence among hospitalized patients that can, if not identified and treated, cause significant morbidity severe disturbance is potentially lethal. ![]()
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